To spur further reading and reflection, we have compiled a list of online resources and news articles about the destruction of cultural heritage in the Middle East from 2001 to 2016 in reverse chronological order:

• An up-to-date perspective on the state of cultural heritage in Syria and northern Iraq from the ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives website: http://www.asor-syrianheritage.org/weekly-reports/

• ISIS may face war-crime charges for destruction of historic sites: http://www.livescience.com/57173-isis-war-crime-charges-for-heritage-destruction.html

• Syrian troops pull out as Islamic State militants sweep back into ancient Palmyra: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/battle-rages-for-palmyra-as-islamic-state-is-poised-to-retake-control/2016/12/11/396552ea-bf9a-11e6-afd9-f038f753dc29story.html?utmterm=.bdcb404d8085

• Swiss seize artefacts looted from Syria’s Palmyra, stashed at free ports: http://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/swiss-seize-artefacts-looted-from-syrias-palmyra-stashed-at-free-ports

• Fund set up to protect endangered heritage sites: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3996996/Fund-set-protect-endangered-heritage-sites.html

• The preservation warriors: saving the past for the future: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2016/1203/The-preservation-warriors-saving-the-past-for-the-future

• Swiss Prosecutor Office confiscates artifacts stolen from Libya: http://www.libyaobserver.ly/culture/swiss-prosecutor-office-confiscates-artifacts-stolen-libya

• ISIS transferred original monuments abroad, destroyed fake ones in Mosul video: https://www.rt.com/news/240801-isis-destroy-statues-fake/

• How NGOs are helping preserve Syria’s heritage: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/11/syria-heritage-destruction-sites-protection.html

• Iraq’s ancient Nimrud recaptured but heavily damaged: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/11/iraq-conflict-nimrud-mosul.html

• UK military draws up plans for specialist unit to protect cultural heritage in war zones: http://theartnewspaper.com/news/modern-day-monuments-men-wanted-by-the-british-army/

• The uphill battle of protecting Syrian antiquities amidst War:https://globalvoices.org/2016/11/17/the-uphill-battle-of-protecting-syrian-antiquities-amidst-war/

• Why saving endangered cultural heritage is important for the UAE: http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/why-saving-endangered-cultural-heritage-is-important-for-the-uae

• Replicas of artifacts destroyed by ISIS ‘rising from destruction’ in Rome: http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/10/10/497350345/monuments-and-artifacts-destroyed-by-isis-rising-from-destruction-in-rome

• Teenager ‘fights Isis with art’ by sculpting replicas of artefacts destroyed by militants: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-artist-teenager-sculpts-artefacts-destroyed-militants-iraq-syria-a7423391.html

• Signs of hope: Ancient relics found In monastery destroyed by ISIS: http://www.christiantoday.com/article/signs.of.hope.ancient.relics.found.in.monastery.destroyed.by.isis/102451.htm

• The vandals of Isis: Nimrud warns us of a unique barbarism: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2016/nov/14/nimrud-isis-art-destruction

• Isis profits from destruction of antiquities by selling relics to dealers – and then blowing up the buildings they come from to conceal the evidence of looting: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/isis-profits-from-destruction-of-antiquities-by-selling-relics-to-dealers-and-then-blowing-up-the-10483421.html

• Daesh issues ‘permits to loot heritage sites’: http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/abu-dhabi/daesh-issues-permits-to-loot-heritage-sites?fromNewsdog=1

• Piecing back together an Iraqi archaeological gem blown sky-high by Isis: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/piecing-back-together-iraqi-archeological-gem-blown-sky-high-by-isis

• Does Aleppo prove that we westerners should keep the world’s antiquities? http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syria-aleppo-destruction-room-pergamon-museum-berlin-a7449406.html

• How ISIL destroyed Iraq’s Nimrud: http://www.aina.org/news/20161201033329.htm

• Looting? $283 million flow of artifacts to US revealed: http://www.livescience.com/56141-looting-artifacts-from-syria-to-us.html

• Call for governments to protect cultural treasures: http://www.smh.com.au/national/this-barbaric-group-of-people-want-to-destroy-everything-call-for-governments-to-protect-cultural-treasures-20161201-gt1mal.html

• Iconic ancient sites ravaged in ISIS’s last stand in Iraq: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/iraq-mosul-isis-nimrud-khorsabad-archaeology/

• Mosul: ISIS destruction of ancient Iraqi city revealed for first time with new photos: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mosul-offensive-latest-isis-destruction-ancient-city-of-mesopotamia-nimrud-a7421036.html

• Iraqi heritage sites again at risk in Mosul operation: http://www.news24.com/World/News/iraqi-heritage-sites-again-at-risk-in-mosul-operation-20161031

• Extensive cultural damage found in historic Iraqi city: http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iraqi-forces-attack-east-mosul-neighborhood-43569093

• ISIS destroys 2,900-year-old Assyrian ziggurat: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/isis-destroys-assyrian-ziggurat-nimrud-746846

• ISIS has destroyed Assyrian Ziggurat: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/isis-has-destroyed-nearly-3000-year-old-assyrian-ziggurat-180961101/

• The Islamic State isn’t the only group looting Syrian archaeological sites: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/10/21/the-islamic-state-isnt-the-only-group-looting-syrian-archaeological-sites/?utm_term=.c70bd58337ea

• Extensive cultural damage found in historic Iraqi city: http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iraqi-forces-attack-east-mosul-neighborhood-43569093

• Iraqi troops recapture Nimrud, site of ancient Assyrian city, from ISIS: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/13/iraqi-troops-capture-nimrud-ancient-assyrian-city-isis

• ISIS has reportedly bulldozed two of the world’s most important ancient cities: http://www.sciencealert.com/two-iconic-ancient-cities-have-reportedly-been-destroyed-by-isis-in-iraq

• Geneva Free Port: The greatest art collection no-one can see: http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-38167501

• ISIS trading antiquities For Russian weapons from mafia: http://thefederalist.com/2016/10/24/italian-newspaper-isis-trading-antiquities-russian-weapons-mafia/

• ISIS and Kurdish forces destroy ancient Biblical sites in battle for Mosul: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mosul-offensive-latest-isis-kurdish-peshmerga-destroy-nimrud-dur-sharrakin-a7411166.html

• ISIS is latest radical group to destroy ancient art: http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/isis-latest-radical-group-destroy-ancient-art-n315451

• Ancient statues destroyed by ISIS fake, real ones safe: https://www.rt.com/news/240801-isis-destroy-statues-fake/

• Museum of lost objects: the winged bull of Nineveh: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35669056

• Rebuilding Nimrud: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/nov/17/rebuilding-nimrud-atone-sins-west-isis-destruction

• Looting rife, heritage sites destroyed: The state of Syria’s history: http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/looting-rife-and-heritage-sites-destroyed-state-syrias-history-984470166

• Race in Iraq and Syria to record and shield art falling to ISIS: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/09/world/middleeast/race-in-iraq-and-syria-to-record-and-shield-art-falling-to-isis.html

• Jihadists May Have Wrecked an Ancient Iraqi Site: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/world/middleeast/jihadists-may-have-wrecked-an-ancient-iraqi-site.html

• The unbelievable damage Islamic State has done to ancient sites in Iraq and Syria: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/06/09/the-unbelievable-damage-islamic-state-has-done-to-ancient-sites-in-iraq-and-syria/?utm_term=.8ae1cde5ac6e

• Syrian agency fights to save country’s archaeological heritage: http://www.stripes.com/news/syrian-agency-fights-to-save-country-s-archaeological-heritage-1.409413

• Satellite images show “hundreds” of illegal excavations at historic Syrian sites: http://europe.newsweek.com/syrias-archaeological-sites-looted-industrial-scale-unesco-chief-333093?rx=us

• War, more than ISIS, is destroying Syria’s ancient sites: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151125-isis-syria-satellite-images-looting-archaeology/

• Iraq’s oldest Christian monastery destroyed by Islamic State: https://web.archive.org/web/20160120155412/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35360415

• The archaeological Palmyra Castle was found to have sustained massive damage deliberately inflicted by ISIS: https://web.archive.org/web/20160327133431/http://sana.sy/en/?p=72903

• The problem with rebuilding a Palmyra ruin destroyed by ISIS—does it simply help Assad: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/20/the-problem-with-rebuilding-a-roman-ruin-destroyed-by-isis-does-it-simply-help-assad/?utm_term=.d46fa37d9e61

• Critics of IS are perpetuating its ideals: http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/critics-isis-are-perpetuating-its-ideals-1902302542

• ISIS burns down Mosul library, destroys 8,000 rare books and manuscripts: http://www.ibtimes.co.in/isis-burns-down-mosul-library-destroys-8000-rare-books-manuscripts-624375

• The strategy behind the Islamic state’s destruction of ancient sites: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/06/29/world/middleeast/isis-historic-sites-control.html

• Scientists to flood Middle East with 1,000s of 3D cameras to ‘save’ ancient sites from ISIS: https://www.rt.com/news/313752-isis-monuments-3d-photos/

• Islamic State and the crisis in Iraq and Syria in maps: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034?intlinkfromurl=http://www.bbc.com/news/topics/13bba436-5d61-409b-82ec-2d2f4ecbe1e6/islamic-state-group&link_location=live-reporting-story

• Harvard and Oxford take on ISIS with digital preservation campaign: http://www.archdaily.com/772902/harvard-and-oxford-take-on-isis-with-digital-preservation-campaign

• The technology that will resurrect ISIS-destroyed antiquities: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/ancient/digital-preservation-syria/

• If all else fails, 3D Models and robots might rebuild Palmyra: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/world/middleeast/3d-models-robots-rebuild-syrian-sites.html?_r=0

• The digital race against IS: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p030ys68

• Using lasers to preserve antiquities threatened by ISIS: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/28/arts/design/using-laser-scanners-to-preserve-antiquities-in-isiss-cross-hairs.html

• Hi-tech fight to save antiquities from ISIS: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/28/middleeast/3d-mapping-ancient-monuments/

• What is the future of arts education in Baghdad? https://frieze.com/article/calling-it-quits/

• These ISIS-destroyed artifacts are now available to download and 3-D Print: http://observer.com/2016/02/these-isis-destroyed-artifacts-are-now-available-to-download-and-3-d-print/

• National Museum of Iraq director discusses ISIS destruction of relics: http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-uncovered/national-museum-iraq-director-discusses-isis-destruction-relics-n383706

• What ISIS Destroys, Why, and Why We Must Document: https://professorhistoryx.wordpress.com/2015/03/15/what-isis-destroys-why-and-why-we-must-document-it-hyperallergic/

• ISIS continues its desecration of the Middle East: Islamic State reduces Sufi shrines in Libya to rubble in latest act of mindless destruction: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2987800/ISIS-continues-desecration-Middle-East-Islamic-State-reduces-Sufi-shrines-Libya-rubble-latest-act-mindless-destruction.html

• How ISIS is destroying ancient art in Iraq and Syria: http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/03/isis-destroys-ancient-art.html

• Destroying history’s treasures:http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21645749-jihadists-are-attacking-more-regions-people-destroying-historys

• ‘This is a genocide’: Art historian Zainab Bahrani on ISIS’s destruction of cultural heritage: http://www.artnews.com/2015/11/11/this-is-a-genocide-art-historian-zainab-bahrani-on-isiss-destruction-of-cultural-heritage/

• ISIL has launched a world war: http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/12/isil-has-launched-a-world-war.html

• ISIS bulldozed ancient Hatra city in Mosul: http://www.riyadhvision.com.sa/2015/03/07/reports-isis-bulldozed-ancient-hatra-city-in-mosul/

• Islamic State ‘demolishes’ ancient Hatra site in Iraq: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31779484

• Art and cultural heritage looting and destruction: http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/lessons/art-and-cultural-heritage-looting-and-destruction/

• The ancient sites damaged by ISIS as of September 2015: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150901-isis-destruction-looting-ancient-sites-iraq-syria-archaeology/

• Assessing the damage at the Mosul museum: The Assyrian artifacts: https://gatesofnineveh.wordpress.com/2015/02/27/assessing-the-damage-at-the-mosul-museum-part-1-the-assyrian-artifacts/

• Assessing the damage at the Mosul museum: The Sculptures from Hatra: https://gatesofnineveh.wordpress.com/2015/03/03/assessing-the-damage-at-the-mosul-museum-part-2-the-sculptures-from-hatra/

• The full story behind ISIL’s takeover of Mosul Museum: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/full-story-isil-takeover-mosul-museum-150309053022129.html/

• ISIS ‘kills four children’ as it reportedly destroys ancient church in Iraqi city of Mosul: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-kills-four-children-as-it-destroys-ancient-church-in-iraqi-city-of-mosul-10376301.html

• Global art community condemns ISIS destruction of artifacts at Mosul museum: http://time.com/3725026/isis-destruction-mosul-museum-artifacts/

• Threats to cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/09/232028.htm

• ISIL destroys the Virgin Mary church in Mosul: http://www.iraqinews.com/features/urgent-isil-destroys-virgin-mary-church-mosul/

• The blood antiquities funding ISIL: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/11/blood-antiquities-funding-isil-2014119113948461658.html

• Islamic State destroys ancient Mosul mosque: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/28/islamic-state-destroys-ancient-mosul-mosque

• ISIS destroys Shiite mosques and shrines in Iraq: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/07/isis-destroys-shiite-mosquen5564373.html

• Looted Iraqi Museum in Baghdad reopens 12 years on: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31672857

• ISIS and the destruction of history: http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/isis-and-the-destruction-of-history

• The new monument men outsmart ISIS: http://www.newsweek.com/2015/11/20/institute-digital-archaeology-preserves-cultural-heritage-middle-east-392732.html

• Extremist IS militants damage ancient citadel, two shrines in Iraq’s Nineveh: https://web.archive.org/web/20150113075719/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-12/31/c_133890461.htm

• Islamic State: Jihadists destroying and looting Iraqi heritage sites for artefacts, UNESCO warns: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-30/islamic-state-pillaging-iraqi-artefacts2c-unesco-warns/5777990

• The Great Sphinx’s nose: Who is responsible?: http://go.epublish4me.com/ebook/ebook?id=10083847#/0

• Donald Rumsfeld book admits ‘misstatements’ over WMD sites: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/donald-rumsfeld-book-misstatements-wmd

• Iraq’s national museum to showcase its treasures online with aid of Google: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/24/iraq-national-museum-online-google

• Google chief announces plan in Baghdad to put Iraqi artifacts online: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/world/middleeast/25iraq.html

• How an arrest in Iraq revealed ISIS’s $2bn jihadist network: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/15/iraq-isis-arrest-jihadists-wealth-power

• Six Syrian heritage sites declared endangered: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/06/2013620525729467.html

• Latest victim of Syria air strikes: Krak des Chevaliers castle: http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=60073

• How ancient artifacts are being traded for guns: http://world.time.com/2012/09/12/syrias-looted-past-how-ancient-artifacts-are-being-traded-for-guns/#ixzz26ujLHJ8C

• Missing Iraqi antiquities located in PM Maliki’s office: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11372473

• Syria’s ancient treasures pulverised: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-syrias-ancient-treasures-pulverised-8007768.html

• Director-General of UNESCO appeals for protection of Syria’s cultural heritage: http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/862

• Aleppo’s ancient city a victim of Syrian war: http://in.reuters.com/article/syria-crisis-aleppo-idINL6E8JSI1E20120828

• Learning from the Iraq Museum: http://www.ajaonline.org/online-review-museum/364

• Looting Iraq: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/making-a-difference/looting-iraq-16813540/

• The rape of Mesopotamia: Behind the looting of the Iraq museum: http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/729459.html

• The ghost in the Baghdad museum: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/02/arts/design/the-ghost-in-the-baghdad-museum.html

• Thousands of Iraqi artifacts found: http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/05/07/sprj.nilaw.iraqi.artifacts/

• Loss estimates are cut on Iraqi artifacts: http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/world/aftereffects-missing-antiquities-loss-estimates-are-cut-on-iraqi-artifacts.html

• After Palmyra, the message to Isis: what you destroy, we will rebuild: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/29/palmyra-message-isis-islamic-state-jihadis-orgy-destruction-heritage-restored

• ISIS in Palmyra: http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/isis-in-palmyra

• The anomaly of barbarism: http://www.laphamsquarterly.org/disaster/anomaly-barbarism

• Hundreds of looted items returned to Iraqi museum: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/11/11/sprj.nilaw.antiquities.returned/index.html

• Rumsfeld on looting in Iraq: ‘stuff happens’: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/US/04/11/sprj.irq.pentagon/

• Iraq and ruin: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/may/02/heritage.artsfeatures

• Thieves of time: http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=18712

• A real-life treasure hunt: https://web.archive.org/web/20060617150354/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7169977/site/newsweek/

• Lost treasures from Iraq: http://oi-archive.uchicago.edu/OI/IRAQ/iraq.html

• Art falls prey to war: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/15/iraq.internationaleducationnews

• Iraqi Museum looted of priceless art, artifacts: http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0304/13/se.04.html

• Raiders of the lost art: https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2003/04/22/16030421.php

• National Museum of Iraq: https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Museum-of-Iraq

• U.S. helps recover statue and gives it back to Iraqis: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/26/world/middleeast/26antiquities.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

• Robbing the cradle of civilization: http://www.dw.com/en/robbing-the-cradle-of-civilization/a-835730

• It’s not the oil, It’s the art! http://www.counterpunch.org/2003/04/23/it-s-not-the-oil-it-s-the-art/

• Sumerian gold jar, other relics returned to Iraq: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-artefacts-idUSTRE80T12J20120130

• US experts resign over Iraq looting: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2958009.stm

• Iraq briefly reopens looted museum: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/07/03/iraq.museum/index.html

• Treasure hunting in Baghdad: A conversation with Matthew Bogdanos: https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2006/septemberoctober/conversation/treasure-hunting-in-baghdad

• Museum looting may have been planned: http://www.sptimes.com/2003/04/17/Worldandnation/Museumlootingmay_ha.shtml

• Leading Iraq archaeologist flees: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5289046.stm

• Pillagers strip Iraqi museum of its treasures: http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/13/world/a-nation-at-war-looting-pillagers-strip-iraqi-museum-of-its-treasure.html

• Rich past stripped as future in tatters: http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/04/13/1050172478179.html

• Art gangs ‘looted Iraqi museums’: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2955421.stm

• Photogrammetric reconstruction of the great Buddha: http://www.idb.arch.ethz.ch/files/04ag-remondinozhang_photogr.record.pdf

• Babylonian booty: http://www.newsweek.com/babylonian-booty-132667

• Museum antiquities looted: http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/tfparchive/2003-04-12/pdf/GAAJC.pdf

• Bahamian and Buddhist Afghanistan: http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/afghanistan/bamiyan.html

• Bit by bit, Afghanistan rebuilds Buddhist statues: http://www.npr.org/2011/07/27/137304363/bit-by-bit-afghanistan-rebuilds-buddhist-statues?ft=1&f=1004

• What lies beneath: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,238674,00.html

• Attack on giant Pakistan Buddha: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6991058.stm

• Another attack on the giant Buddha of Swat: http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Another-attack-on-the-giant-Buddha-of-Swat-10761.html

• Bamiyan Buddhas once glowed in red, white and blue: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110225122816.htm

• How the Buddha got his wounds: https://web.archive.org/web/20060228113747/http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4145138,00.html

• Photos document destruction of Afghan Buddhas: https://web.archive.org/web/20070313235406/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/03/12/afghan.buddha.02/

• U.N. confirms destruction of Afghan Buddhas: http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=81406&page=1#.UA4FSrQe5TI

• Taliban explains Buddha demolition: https://web.archive.org/web/20090503215139/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/19/world/19TALI.html?ex=1142571600&en=e5ba6c267eada53a&ei=5070

• World appeals to Taleban to stop destroying statues: https://web.archive.org/web/20071224155700/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/03/03/afghan.buddhas.03/index.html